baker



(No Model.) 2 Sheet-Sheet 1.

' W. C. BAKER.

APPARATUS FOR HEATING GITIES.

No. 247,529. Patented Sept. 27,1881.

N. PETERS. Plwm-Lmm m lwr. Washmglon. n. C.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

W. O. BAKER. APPARATUS FOR HEATING CITIES.

Patented Sept. 27, 1881.

N. PETERS, PlMmLilhagmphcn washm lo i DV 0 UNITED STATES WILLIAM C. BAKER,

OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

APPARATUS FOR HEATING CITIES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 247,529, dated September 27, 1881. I Application filed April 12, 1880. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM G. BAKER, of the city and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in Apparatus for Heating Cities, of which the following is a specification. Efforts have heretofore been made to extend a system of steam or hot-water heating to numerous buildings, and to use the heat from one or more boilers in one location. In carrying out this system difficulty arises in rendering the heat uniform throughout all the heating-pipes,and in the case of steam the water of condensation accumulates in the lowest portions of the pipes and prevents freedom water at low places in the'pipes.

I arrange the tubes in such a manner that the main circulation of the heated fluid passes through auxiliary heaters placed at suitable intervals or positions, such heater being simply in the form of a furnace that occupies but little space and can be attended with butlittle labor,

and it does not require pumps, safety-valves,

or other appliances that are indispensable at the central station; hence the general heating system is controlled and regulated in all particulars at said central station, but heat is added to the circulating medium wherever necessary.

I also make use of auxiliary steam-generators placed at suitable positions for the hot water to act in generating steam to supply radiators in which there is a large extent of surface for heating the atmosphere of a building and preventing the radiating-surface being of too high a temperature. This steam may also be used for any desired object, such as'warming water or running engines.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a diagram representing the difierent parts of the apparatus. Fig. 2 shows an expansion joint and branch connection in section, and Fig. 3 shows abranch circulating-pipe and its cocks or valves.

through a fire.

The main heating apparatus is placed at a central station, A, where there is a suitable boiler, a portion of which is shown at b, and there are also steam or pressure gages, safetyvalve, feed-pump and circulating-pump, if de sired, or other necessary appliances. The heated water from the boiler rises in the stand-pipe 0 to the expansion vessel 07, and from that the pipe e descends and passes throughout the entire system and returns to the lower part of the boiler or boilers b. At suitable distances apart throughout the system the pipe 0 passes I have shown the coil 6 within the furnace f, which is constructed in a form adapted to increase the heat of the fluid passing through the pipe, and at the same time increase the speed of the circulating fluid. Furnaces of this character may be located in the basements of buildings, and will only require to be supplied with fuel from time to time. As before mentioned, these furnaces are to be placed where the water may need additional heat, or where the water of condensation may require to be revaporized. These furnaces are to be placed at intervals along the outgoing and the return circulating-pipes, so that the entire system will be maintained at the proper temperature. I have shown such furnaces at B G D E. The furnace at E, however, is shown with a straight tube through it. From the circulating-pipes branch pipes are to be taken to radiators and other heating or cooking devices, and these are to be of any desired character. I have shown at ll pipes passing off for such heating purposes and returningiuto the main circulating-pipe. In thisthe fluid passes upwardly from the highest part of the main pipe and returns again into the same pipe at a lower place. It may be provided with a bend that discharges in the direction of the flow of the liquid; or there may be a ball or enlargement upon the main pipe, as shown at 70, Fig. 2, from which the pipe 1 passes to convey the hot water to the place where it is to be used, and the same returns by the pipe 1 into 70.

At m is a water-vessel, into and through which the pipe 0 passes in the form of a coil, and the circulating medium in said pipe 0 heats the water in such vessel m, and the vapors therefrom pass by the pipe at to the radiator or coil 0, and such radiator 0 is to be placed in the room to be heated, or else in an air-box, from which the warm air passes to such room and heats the same; or the steam generated in said tank m may be employed for driving engines or other purposes. The water of condensation runs back into the tank on.

By this construction of apparatus, and the arrangement of the parts of the system, the

buildings in a given district, or embraced within the heating system, can be warmed with great uniformity, and the devices which are used for supplying water, regulating pressure, and insuring circulation in the entire system are located at the central station.

It is necessary to provide for expansion and contraction in the tubes. This I allow for by the tube '2' passing within the coupling-tube s, and the parts are rendered steam-tight, where one moves upon the other, by the packing it within the screw-ring a. The end of r locks within the end of s, as shown, so that the parts cannot separate.

The pipes l 1' may be provided with cocks 4 and 5, as in Fig. 3, that open or close the circulation to the branch pipes within the building, and with a cock, 6, which, when open, allows the circulation to return directly to the pipe I. At 7 is an air-cock, and at 8 a draw or blow-off cock to allow for emptying the pipes within the building.

It is to be understood that the pipes Z and l are for the heated water or steam to pass from the main pipe (2 and return thereto, the same as it does in Fig. 1, and these pipes are led in any desired direction, the dotted and full lines in Fig. 3 illustrating this. The cocks 4 and 5, in the respective pipes Z l, allow for shutting off the circulation in the pipes within the building. The cock 6 is especially useful when pipes have been connected to the main 0 and not extended farther than the cellar of the building, because with the cocks 6, 4, and 5 open, water will circulate through the underground and cellar connections to prevent freezing.

I do not claim an apparatus in which steam is superheated before being applied to the work intended for it; neither do I claim an apparatus in which steam passes through an engine and then through a pipe that is heated, the steam afterward being used for purposes of warming or heating.

1 am aware that radiators have been heated by hot water circulating in them, and also by steam-pipes acting upon such circulating water. By my improvement the water-vessel m performs the duty of a boiler to the steam-radiators, and by heating the water in said vessel m by the main circulation-pipe c, I am able to impart the necessary heat without the use of a fire at said vessel m, and the ordinary radiating devices may be used with steam at a low pressure, and the high pressure of steam will be only within the pipes e.

I claim as my invention- 1. In a system for heating a number of buildings by steam or circulating hot water, the combination, with the circulation-pipes, of a main heat-generating boiler, to which the ends of the circulation-pipes are connected, and one or more distant heat-generating furnaces, through which the circulation-pipe passes, substantially as specified.

2. In a system for heating a number of buildings by steam or circulating hot water, the combination, with the circulation-pipe e, of a closed vessel containing water, a steam-pipe, and a radiator or engine in which such steam acts, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, in a system of heating public or private buildings, of a heat-generator, pipes to convey the heated fluid to the distant places, a furnace located at a distance from the heat egencrating furnace through which the circulation-pipe passes, and heatradiating devices in the places to be heated, and connecting-pipes to the main circulationpipes, substantially as set forth.

4. In a system of steam-supply, the combination, with the main pipe which supplies steam to diii'erent points, of one or more secondary heaters located in the line of the main at points distant from the principal steamgenerator and through which heater the main is inserted, whereby water of condensation is reconverted into steam, substantially as set forth.

5. In a system of main supply, the combination, with the main pipe which supplies steam to difierent points, of one or more secondary heaters located in the line of the main at points distant from the principal steamgenerator, and through which heater the main is inserted, allowing an uninterrupted flow of steam, the main entering the heater at a point below its exit therefrom, substantially as set forth.

Signed by me this 6th day of April, A. D. 1880.

\V. O. BAKER.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM G. Mo'r'r, Gno. T. PINCKNEY. 

